ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effects of red ginseng saponin components A and B on 15 neurochemicals in rat plasma. Methods Saponin components A and B were prepared from red ginseng total saponin by macroporous adsorption resin. The composition and contents of saponin components A and B were detected using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS method. A total of 15 kinds of neurochemical substances such as dopamine (DA), adrenaline (E), norepinephrine (NE), serotonin (5-HT), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-hydroxytryptamine), tyrosine (Tyr), glycine (Gly), glutamic acid (Glu), glutamine (Gln), aspartic acid (Asp), taurine (Tau), serine (Ser), tryptophan (Try), acetylcholine (Ach), and histamine (His) were measured by high performance liquid chromatography- mass spectrometry (UPLC-QQQ-MS/MS). Results By analyzing the intrinsic relationship between saponin composition and amount of neurochemicals, it was found that components A and B had significant differences in saponin composition, and the larger polar saponins were mainly concentrated in component A. The polar of saponin contained in B is relatively small. The levels of Ach, Tau, Glu, Gln, Asp, Tyr, E, NE, and DA in rat plasma of each dose group were increased, and the plasma levels of Gly, His, 5-HT, Ser, HIAA, and Try were significantly increased and positively correlated with the dose, suggesting that the larger polar saponins could increase the excitatory neurochemical content and the smaller saponin fraction inhibitory neurochemicals. Conclusion Red ginseng has a moderating effect on the content of central nervous system. The content of smaller polar saponins is related to the maintenance of brain activity, improvement of memory function, prevention of brain fatigue, maintenance of awakening and nervous system of anti-aging, while the larger polar saponin fraction is associated with the regulation of psychiatric rhythm, reduction of stress response and improvement of sleeping.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the roles of neurochemicals as Glu, GABA in the spinal cord and SP, DynA1-13 in the cerebral cortex of mirror image pain in cancer invasion pain model and the effects of gabapentin on them.Methods Male BALB/c mices were randomly divided into native group, sham group (injected inactivated S180 sarcoma cell sap), model group (injected 0.2 mL of S180 sarcoma cell sap on the right leg near the greater trochanter of femur) and GBP group (intraperitoneally injected gabapentin 120 mg/kg on the basis of model mice).Mechanical withdraw threshold of the ipsilateral and contralateral hind paw were evaluated by Von Frey hairs before and after surgery.The levels of Glu and GABA in the L3-L5 spinal cord were measured by the high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detector ( HPLC-FLD ) and radioimmunoassay was used to detect the concentrations of SP and DynA1-13 in the cerebral cortex.Results The mechanical withdraw threshold of contralateral mirror sites in model mice appeared same trend and approximate degree of decline, following the generation of cancer invasion pain of ipsilateral hind paw.Compared with native group, the concentrations of Glu in the spinal cord and SP in the cerebral cortex in model group were significantly increased (P<0.05, P<0.01), and the levels of GABA in the spinal cord and Dyn A1-13 in the cerebral cortex in model group were significantly decreased (P<0.05, P<0.01).Gabapentin could significantly increase the bilateral mechanical withdraw threshold of model mice and the analgesic effect could maintain to 240 min after administration (P<0.05 or P<0.01).Moreover, gabapentin could reverse the changes of above neurochemicals in the central nervous system of mirror image pain in cancer invasion pain model mice (P<0.01 or P<0.05).Conclusion The mirror image pain phenomenon does exist in the cancer invasion pain model mice induced by S180 sarcoma.The mechanism of mirror image pain occurr and preserve in cancer invasion pain model may involve the changes of Glu, GABA in the spinal cord and SP, Dyn A1-13 in the cerebral cortex, through which gabapentin can relieve mirror image pain in cancer invasion pain model.
ABSTRACT
To evaluate the effects of ginseng aqueous extract on learning and memory abilities and neurochemicals in diabetic encephalopathy rat brain. Diabetes mellitus model was established. Cognitive abilities were evaluated with Morris water maze test by the indexes of escape latency time ( ELT) , times of passing through the target area and the percent of swimming track in goal quadrant. We applied online MD-LC-MS/MS method to determine eight neurochemicals in rat hippocampus among different groups in MRM mode. Venusil C18 column was used for separation. Treatment with ginseng aqueous extract significantly improved the cognitive abilities of diabetic rats (p0. 99). The accuracy and precision could meet the analysis requirement. Comparing with the model group, the concentrations of taurine and acetylcholine were significantly increased ( p<0 . 01 ) after treated with ginseng aqueous extract, but the glutamic acid, aspartic acid,γ-aminobutyric acid, serine, dopamine and serotonine decreased dramatically. Ginseng aqueous extract can efficiently regulate the levels of eight neurochemials in diabetic rat brain to normal.